Seasonal waves on glaciers

Seasonal waves accompanying annual changes in the sliding velocity of ice travel down glacier at speeds much faster than the ice itself. A simple explanation for these waves in terms of the passage of a pressure wave through the subglacial drainage system is given. Drainage by both distributed and localized systems is explored, with the sliding velocity governed by a dependence on the effective pressure. Waves are caused by drainage through a slow distributed system, but may be damped if this is well connected to an efficient channelized system. A possible connection between these waves and high velocity spring events is discussed. Copyright  2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.